Past, Present, and Future of Somaliland: A Nation at the Crossroads

The story of Somaliland is marked by resilience, hope, and self-determination. From its initial nation-building efforts to its recent internal struggles, Somaliland has encountered both triumphs and challenges on its journey toward peace and democracy. This article explores Somaliland’s past achievements, current obstacles, and the critical crossroads it faces as the country approaches a significant election.

The Past: A Journey of Growth and Progress

Somaliland’s journey began with monumental efforts by its people to rebuild a peaceful, functional society following the reclamation of its state sovereignty in 1991.  Since declaring independence from Somalia, Somaliland has demonstrated extraordinary resilience and resolve to build a stable and democratic society, achieving remarkable milestones along the way.

Nation-Building and Governance: Somaliland’s citizens, mindful of their painful history of violence and division, made significant sacrifices to establish the foundations of peace and democracy. They created functional government institutions and enacted a constitution that was approved by popular vote. Somaliland demonstrated its commitment to democracy through the “one man, one vote” system, which facilitated peaceful elections at all levels and ensured smooth transfers of power.

Community Reconciliation and Social Cohesion: In the aftermath of clan conflicts, Somaliland fostered peace through a grassroots approach, encouraging communities to coexist harmoniously. Local peace-building efforts demobilized clan militias, formed a national army, and promoted social cohesion. These efforts earned Somaliland regional and international respect as a land of unity, peace, and indigenous democracy.

Reconstruction and Economic Revival: The citizens of Somaliland rebuilt their towns, cities, and infrastructure with limited resources, reviving the economy and creating a sense of stability. Somaliland’s achievements in peace and democracy attracted positive international recognition, with some observers calling it “Africa’s best-kept secret.”

Despite occasional setbacks, Somaliland’s past was marked by progress, unity, and the promise of a brighter future. For many, it symbolized a beacon of constitutional democracy and local peace-building.

The Present: Division, Corruption, and Disillusionment

In 2017, Somaliland’s political climate began to shift. The election that brought Muse Bihi Abdi to power was fraught with allegations of manipulation and misconduct, leading to deepening divisions and a period of widespread disillusionment among Somalilanders.

Controversial Leadership and Eroding Trust: The 2017 election was marred by accusations of vote-rigging and intimidation. Many Somalilanders felt that the election had been unjustly decided, sowing deep-seated distrust. Instead of healing these divisions, President Bihi’s administration has been accused of inflaming them, creating a rift that has left Somaliland more fractured than ever.

Corruption and Violations of Rights: The prevalence of corruption, nepotism, and disregard for citizens’ rights has become commonplace under the current administration. Arbitrary arrests and illegal detentions have raised questions about the government’s respect for democratic principles, while concerns about land and resource mismanagement have heightened public discontent.

Loss of Social Cohesion: The administration’s approach has largely intensified tribal tensions, jeopardizing Somaliland’s social fabric. Nepotism in the military and civil services has fostered resentment, with many feeling marginalized from national opportunities. This breakdown of unity has significant repercussions, leading some Somalilanders to wonder whether the nation can still be a home for all its communities.

Failure to Hold Elections on Time: Although the government was elected for a five-year term, it failed to hold timely elections. Instead, it obtained controversial extensions from the house of elders without the consent of the public. These delays have sparked outrage, as democratic principles rely on conducting elections on schedule and respecting the will of the electorate.

Growing Instability and Conflict: The conflict in Lasaanood symbolizes the fragile state of Somaliland. Many believe that with more inclusive leadership, such divisions and clashes could have been prevented. Unfortunately, these internal conflicts have made Somaliland vulnerable to external threats, with adversaries in Somalia and beyond taking advantage of the nation’s internal struggles.

The period from 2017 to the present has seen a troubling departure from the ideals of unity and peace that Somaliland once championed. For many Somalilanders, this period has been one of disillusionment, as the very foundations of their hard-won peace and democracy appear to be eroding.

The Future: A Critical Crossroad

As Somaliland prepares for elections on November 13, 2024, the nation finds itself at a turning point. The outcome of these elections could shape the future of Somaliland, determining whether it reclaims its democratic principles or risks descending into further instability.

The Importance of Fair and Transparent Elections: The upcoming election represents an opportunity for Somaliland to return to its roots of unity, peace, and democracy. If conducted freely and fairly, it could allow the people to replace the current regime with leadership that prioritizes national reconciliation, transparency, and integrity. Such a shift would restore public trust and uphold Somaliland’s dignity on the global stage.

A Chance for National Reconciliation: A change in leadership could offer a much-needed path toward healing the divisions within Somaliland. Reconciliation efforts, inclusive governance, and renewed dialogue among communities could create the foundations for lasting peace. By reuniting its people, Somaliland could once again become a model of indigenous peace-building and democracy in Africa.

The Risks of Election Interference: If the current administration interferes with the election process; through manipulation, incitement of conflict, or attempts to suppress the vote; the consequences could be dire. Such actions would likely deepen national divisions, risking fragmentation and disintegration. For a country that has already overcome so many challenges, the collapse of Somaliland’s democratic ideals would be a tragic outcome.

A Call to Action for Community Leaders and Peace Advocates

In these critical times, Somaliland’s peace-loving citizens, community leaders, and civil society organizations have a vital role to play in ensuring a free and fair election. It is imperative for these groups to hold the government accountable and resist any attempts to undermine the democratic process.

Community leaders must rally their communities to prioritize unity, reject divisive rhetoric, and demand transparent elections. Peace-loving individuals and organizations should continue to advocate for a fair electoral process, speaking out against any efforts to manipulate the vote or sow discord among communities.

By collectively standing against interference and advocating for integrity in the electoral process, Somalilanders can uphold the will of the people and safeguard the future of their nation. Free and fair elections are not merely a political process; they are the foundation of peace, hope, and progress. The entire nation yearns for a brighter future, and now is the time for all Somalilanders to come together to ensure that the upcoming election paves the way for unity, prosperity, and renewed faith in Somaliland’s democratic principles.

Said W. Hersi

Researcher and Expert in Strategic Leadership, Organizational Transformation, and Human Capital Development

Email: swarsame2@yahoo.com